Superheater for heating purposes.



F. O. BYNOB. SUPERHEATBR FOR HEATING PURPOSES.

APBLIOATION FILED D130. 8, 1910.

1,027,815, v Patented My 28, 1912.

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Patented May 28, 1912.

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" APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8. 1910 v Patented May 28, 1912.

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F. 0. BYNOE. SUPERHEATER FOR HEATING PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8. 1910.

Patented May 28, 1912.

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FREDERICK OATLEY IBYNOE, 0F ACTON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO BALCHIN, SCHULZ&

-COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

SUPERHEATER FOR HEATING PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 28,1912.

Application filed December 8, 1910. Serial No. 596,313.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I,' FREDERICK OATLEY .BYNon, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain and Ireland, and resident of Acton, county of Middlesex,England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in andRelating to Superheaters for Heating Purposes, of which the following isa specification.

The present invention relates to superheaters of the type in which upperand lower headers are connected by bent or curved tubes and in which thesaturated steam passes downward toward the hottest part of the furnacewhere it is superheated,

Y and the object of the present invention is the improvedconstructiolrand arrangement of superheater whereby superheated steam isproduced at its maximum temperature and volume and with the minimumamount ,of pressure, that is to say, a pressure slightly above theatmospheric pressure, required to give it a forward motion, the steamentering atm mmum temperature 1n the .furnace and.

leaving at maximum, the above being the converse 'of the requirements ofsuperheaters ofjwhich many forms have been in use for the production ofsuperheated steamunder high pressure and intended for power purposesonly.

Superheaters for heating purposes constructed in accordance with thepresent invention are designed for use in connection with the supply ofsuperheated steam to radiating coils or heating chambers which terminateor are provided with an outletopen to the atmosphere or to any otherchamber or condenser which presents no resistance orto the passage ofsuperheated steam.

" For a clear understanding of the said in-' vention reference is to behad to the following'descriptionand accompanying sheets of drawings inwhich 7 Figures 1 to 3 are respectively an end elevation, a plan and aside elevation of a superheater having its tubes bent or zig-zagged in avertical plane. Fig. 4 is an end elevation; and, Fig. 5 a plan view, thetubes in this case being bent to form coils and with headers in closeproximity. Fig. v6 is an end View, of a similar arrangement but' withheaders well separated. Fig; 7 is a plan view showing the invention asapplied to a circular superheaterz. Fig. 8 is a vertical furnace showingthe tubes inclined from front to back; and, Fig. 9 is a side elevationillustrating the sectional casing of the superheater. Figs. 10 and 1-1illustrate in vertical section the'application of the superheater incombination with the boiler, Fig. 10 showing the superheater located bythe side or adjacent to the boiler, and Fig. 11 arranged within andoutside the boiler tubes; and, Figs. 12 to 16 are-details hereinafterreferred to.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalviews.

According to the present invention, to produce a large volume of steamwithout the risk of congestion or blocking, the superheater (which maybe of rectangular, cir: cular or other form as will be seen from aninspection of the drawings) consists of inlet headers a and outlet.headers I) connected by a large number or a series of bent, zigzagged orcoiled tubes'c of small bore in order to produce a greater heatingsurface in relationto the column of steam flowing through the tubes. Theheaders are so 'arranged that the steam by flowing in a downwarddirectionand this is an important feature of the inventionshall bedistributed-evenly through all the small tubes by the resistance ofieredby the increased expansion ofthe steam as it is expanded on entering theportion of the tubes lying in the hottest zone of the gases in thefurnace. The "combined sectional area of the outlet headers I) should beat"leastand this is an important fact-three to four times the sectionalarea of-the inlet headers a to allow for the increase of volume producedin the process of superheatin'g.

By using the small-bored. superheating tubes 0 the superhcater a's awhole, when in use, is not put out of action in the event of a tube 0being burned out, inasmuch as there is so little pressure that theescape of steam causes little or no inconvenience.

As the intense heat of the furnace gases produces a most destructiveeffect uponthe superhea'ting tubes it is important that any single'tubebe easily removed and replaced by' another, and for this purpose thetubes, which are preferably made of universal pat- 'tern,;so that onlyone'form of tube is required .for each. type of supe1'heater-see Figs.1,4; and 6-are. connectedto the head ers (more especially to the outletheaders b) by means of flanges (Z Figs. l, 6, 7 and 8 or by saddleseFig. 4or by means of any other similar joint or connection which canreadily and conveniently be disconnected, inasmuch as it is usuallyimpossible to undo any ordinary form of screw-joint after the hightemperature superheated steam has passed through the coils for anyconslderable length of time.

The superheating tubes 0, for ready accessibility, inspection andcleaning purposes, are arranged in parallel between the inlet and outletheaders, and they are preferably inclined diagonally either forwarda s1n Fig. 8or backward according to the direction of the hot gases inorder to facilitate the maximum effect of said hot gases accord ing tothe battling given to the furnace gases by the baffles m Fig. 8on theirway to the smoke chimney or shaft. For like purposes also the cover orcase inclosing the superheater tubes may be made up of sect1ons-see Fig.8'so that the top section f, or both top section and middle section g,may be removed and a sighting or cleaning aperture h may be provided inany suitable part of the case.

The casing of the furnace and superheater cover areprefcrably made up ofsections 2' and j-see Fig. 9-bolted or otherwise detachably securedtogether so that the size of the superheater may be increased whereadditional superheat is required for extension of its use by theaddition lengthwise of more sections, it being understood that theheaders a and b are provided as shown with end flanges j and coverplates is.

The inlet headers are arranged in that part of the furnace most distantfrom the fuel where the gases are coolest-see Flg. 8- and the outletheaders in that part of the furnace where the gases are hottest, thus1nsuring the superheated steam leaving the superheater where the maximumheat has been absorbed. The effect of the steam descending-;and this isan important feature-1s that it distributes itself better through allthe superheater tubes which are referably provided with a large numberbends or coils or with a longer length of pipe at the inlet end thanatthe outlet end in order toproduce a longer heating effect and surfacewhere the furnace gases are coolest, this extra bending, coiling orlength at the inlet end tending to increase the life of the tubes.

Referring to Figs. 10 and 11 it will be seen that in combining theboiler with the superheater, the respective heating surfaces arearranged in separate and independent chambers lined with fire-resistingmaterial. The arrangement adopted is such that by suitably placed fluesand dampers (as hereinafter described) the flow of hot gases from thefurnaceean be directed through either chamber separately or divided topasst-hrough both at the same time. In this fashion the hot gases can beso regulated or balanced to heat the boiler and superheater in anyproportion or degree as required.

In Fig. 10 the superheater is represented by the side or adjacent to theboiler p. g is a boiler heating chamber with a flue g and a controllingdamper 9 This chamber is separated from the superheater chamber by thedouble cylinder. walls of the lower part of the boiler except at theopening 9" below the boiler. The boiler flue is separated from the topof the superheater chamber 1" by a firebrick slab or diaphragm. Thesuperheater chamber r is supplied with the hot gases from the furnacethrough the opening 1. It has a flue-controlling damper W; A steam suply pipe p from the boiler leads to the super water inlet pipe and has astop cock p At the back is a superheated steam outlet pipe 8. To operatethe apparatus the superheater damper r is closedand the boiler damper 9opened' The hotgases from the furnace are then conducted between theboiler tubes and out through the flue 91 without passing through thesuperheater chamber and so damaging, by burning, the superheater tubeswhich have no steam in them. As soon as a sufiicient supply of saturatedsteam has been produced in the boiler, the supply cockp is turned on andthe damper 1' is opened. A portion of the gases from the furnace thenenters the superheater chamber 1". The damper 1' or a second masterdamper,controlling the draft through the superheater may be so arrangedand con-' nected by suitable chains or levers with the saturated steamsupply cock f that the damper is only open when the'saturated steam is,fiowing through the superheater, thus preventing the heating of emptysuperheater tubes through'an oversight on the part of the operator. Thisforms an important feature of the invention.

In Fig. 10 a ping) at the end of the arm 19 runs into a slot p which issituated at the end of the rod r actuating the damper W. In the positionillustrated in the diagram the damper r is closed and the pinion beingfixed such damper can only be opened in the event of the cock p beingturned 'on. In likemanner the cook 79 cannot be closed without closingthe damper 1' Said dam- 'per 1' can be actuated by the lever r and theinlet cock will be always automatically open when the damper is opened.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 11 the chamber containingthesuperheater is outside that containing the boiler tubes. The fiue anddamper at the back of the boiler heating chamber regulates the heatingof the boiler and the flue and dampers at the .back of the superheatertubes regulate the flow of hot gases through the superheater ingsurfaces of the superheater or the boiler may be in either chamberaccording to requirements. I

In constructing the superheater according to my invention, I usepreferably head- -ears as represented in Figs. 12. to -16. Fig.

12 illustrates two views of a header having a longitudinal tangentialflange 0 and end flanges j. The end flanges are for malnng up suitablelengths of headers and the longitudinal flanges for connecting to theheader .the superheater tubes as illustrated in the sectional diagram.Fig. 13 illustrates a similar flanged header to take a series of tubeson either or both sides, the sectional view showing superheater tubes 0connected.

Fig. 14 shows "a plan and a sectional eleva-.

tion of a concentrically flanged ring header (flange indicated by t) foruse in constructing round superheaters. Fig. 15 represents an end-connecting tube between the side headers of oblong superheaters. Fig.16 is an illustration of a header with longitudinal radial flanges orribs u, the sectional" v1ew showing saddle connections 6 of thesuperheater tubes 0.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire toprotect by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A superheatercomprising outlet headers arranged in spaced parallel relation in thebottom portion of a fire box, an inlet header parallel with andcentrally disposed relative to the outlet headers and in a higher plane,and restricted tubes projecting lat-.

erally from opposite portions of the inlet header and connecting withthe outlet headers said tubes having bends arranged in staggeredrelation.

2. A superheater comprising an inlet header disposed in the coolerportion of a fire box, outlet headers of larger diameter 'than the inletheader disposed in the hottest portion of a fire box, and tubeconnections of less diameter than the inlet header and located. betweenthe inlet and outlet headers and being provided'with bends adjacent theconnection with the inlet header..

3. A superheater comprising an inlet header, outlet headers otgreaterarea than the inlet header, and restricted tube connections between theinlet header and the outlet headers.

4. A superheater comprising an inlet header provided with oppositelydisposed laterally projecting flanged outlets, a pair 'of spacedparallel outletheaders of larger diameter than the inlet header andlocated in a lower plane than the inlet header, said outlet headersbeing provided with confronting laterally projecting flanged inlets, andof less diameter than the inlet header and tubes having flanged endsthat are detachably connected to the flanged inlets and outlets of theinlet and outlet headers.

5. An apparatus {for superheating steam, the same comprising a heatingchamber, and a circulating system for the steam exposed ,within theheating chamber, said circulating system including inlet and outletmembers, the latter being of greater sectional area than the sectionalarea of the inlet member, restricted tube connections between the inletand outlet members, and means for directing the flow of steam downwardthrough the tube connections to permit the same to pass. from theapparatus at approximately atmospheric pressure;

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

FREDERICK OATLEY BYNOE.

Witnesses:

BENJ. THOS. KING, Roar. HUNTER.

